Odisha B.Ed Entrance Biological Science Solutions 2023 Download

Solution : The correct answer is (B) Golgi Complex.

The Golgi complex (also known as the Golgi apparatus) is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids that are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum. It consists of a series of flattened sacs called cisternae, and it plays a crucial role in the processing and distribution of cellular materials.

Option (A) Mitochondria is primarily involved in energy production through cellular respiration.

Option (C) Endoplasmic Reticulum is involved in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and calcium storage.

Option (D) Peroxisome is responsible for various metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful substances.

Solution : The correct answer is (C) Cyanocobalamin.

Cyanocobalamin, also known as Vitamin B12, is not obtained from plants in significant amounts. It is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for various functions in the body, including the formation of red blood cells and nerve function. Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products such as meat, liver of ox, fish, eggs, dairy, milk, cheese, etc.

Options (A) Thiamine, (B) Pyridoxin, and (D) Riboflavin can all be obtained from plant sources.

Option (A) Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is found in foods like whole grains, legumes, and nuts.

Option (B) Pyridoxin (Vitamin B6) is present in foods like bananas, avocados, and nuts.

Option (D) Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is found in dairy products, green leafy vegetables, and almonds.

Solution :

The correct answer is (D) Apogamy.

Apogamy: Apogamy is a phenomenon in Pteridophytes where a sporophyte develops directly from a gametophytic cell, such as a cell of the prothallus, without involving the process of fertilization or the fusion of gametes. This results in the formation of a diploid sporophyte directly from a diploid gametophytic cell.

Apospory: Apospory is a process where a sporophyte develops from a non-reduced, diploid cell of the gametophyte. It involves the omission of the meiotic division that typically produces spores in the life cycle.

Parthenocarpy: Parthenocarpy refers to the development of fruits without the fertilization of ovules. It is observed in certain flowering plants.

Heterospory: Heterospory is a characteristic of seed plants, where distinct types of spores (megaspores and microspores) are produced by separate sporangia. This gives rise to male and female gametophytes.

Solution :

The correct answer is (B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as Baker’s Yeast or Brewer’s Yeast, is a type of yeast that is widely used in baking and brewing. It is a unicellular fungus belonging to the genus Saccharomyces. This yeast species ferments sugars to produce carbon dioxide and ethanol, which are essential in the leavening of bread and the production of alcoholic beverages like beer and wine.

Saccharomyces octosporus: While Saccharomyces octosporus is also a yeast species, it is not commonly known as Baker’s Yeast. It is a distant relative of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has eight spores per ascus (a structure containing spores) instead of four, which is typical for Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Saccharomyces ludwigii: Similar to the previous option, Saccharomyces ludwigii is a yeast species but is not commonly associated with Baker’s Yeast.

All the above: This option is incorrect because none of the mentioned yeast species, including Saccharomyces octosporus and Saccharomyces ludwigii, are commonly referred to as Baker’s Yeast.

Solution :

The correct answer is (A) Equisetum.

Equisetum: Equisetum, commonly known as horsetail or horse tail, is a genus of vascular plants that belongs to the family Equisetaceae. These plants are unique and ancient, resembling the appearance of a horse’s tail or a bottle brush. Equisetum species are known for their hollow, jointed stems and reduced leaves. They reproduce through spores and are often found in damp or marshy areas.

Marsilea: Marsilea is a genus of ferns commonly known as water clover. These ferns have four-leaf clover-like leaves and are aquatic or semi-aquatic.

Selaginella: Selaginella is a genus of clubmosses, which are ancient vascular plants. They have small leaves arranged in a spiral pattern and are often referred to as spikemosses.

Pteris: Pteris is a genus of ferns with various species. They are commonly known as brake ferns and are recognized for their frond structure.

Solution :

The correct answer is (D) Coal.

Sunlight: Sunlight is an example of an inexhaustible resource, also known as a renewable resource. It is derived from the sun’s energy and is continuously available for use as long as the sun shines.

Wind: Wind energy is also an inexhaustible resource. It is harnessed by converting the kinetic energy of moving air into mechanical or electrical energy through wind turbines.

Tidal energy: Tidal energy is another form of renewable energy that utilizes the gravitational forces between the Earth, Moon, and Sun to generate electricity from the movement of tides in oceans.

Coal: Coal is not an inexhaustible resource. It is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of plants that lived and died millions of years ago. As a non-renewable resource, coal is finite and will eventually deplete as it is extracted and burned for energy.

Solution :

The correct answer is (C) Triploid.

Endosperm in Angiosperms: The endosperm is a nutritive tissue that develops within the seeds of angiosperms (flowering plants). It provides nourishment to the developing embryo. In most angiosperms, the endosperm is triploid, meaning it contains three sets of chromosomes (3n). It is formed as a result of the fusion of one sperm nucleus from the pollen with two polar nuclei in the embryo sac.

Diploid: A diploid cell has two sets of chromosomes. While the embryo itself is diploid, the endosperm is not diploid.

Haploid: A haploid cell has a single set of chromosomes. The endosperm is not haploid.

Hexaploid: A hexaploid cell would have six sets of chromosomes, which is not the case for the endosperm in angiosperms.

Solution :

The correct answer is (B) Linoleic Acid.

Essential Fatty Acid: Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that are necessary for the proper functioning of the body but cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet. Linoleic acid is an example of an essential fatty acid, specifically an omega-6 fatty acid. These fatty acids play important roles in maintaining cell membranes, regulating inflammation, and supporting various bodily functions.

Palmitic Acid: Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid and is not classified as an essential fatty acid because it can be synthesized by the body.

Acetic Acid: Acetic acid is a simple organic acid and is not classified as an essential fatty acid.

Citric Acid: Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits and is not classified as an essential fatty acid.

Solution :

The correct answer is (A) Geothermal energy.

Geothermal Energy: Geothermal energy is the type of energy obtained from the heat stored beneath the Earth’s surface. Hot springs and geysers are manifestations of geothermal energy. The heat from the Earth’s interior is harnessed to produce electricity or for direct use in heating buildings, growing plants in greenhouses, and other applications.

Solar Energy: Solar energy is obtained from the sun’s radiation and can be converted into electricity using solar panels.

Tidal Energy: Tidal energy is generated by the gravitational interaction between the Earth, Moon, and Sun, resulting in the movement of tides in oceans.

Hydro Energy: Hydro energy, also known as hydropower, is obtained from the kinetic energy of moving water and is typically generated from flowing rivers and dams.

Solution :

The correct answer is (D) Leprosy.

Measles, Hepatitis, and Rubella: Measles, Hepatitis, and Rubella are all viral diseases caused by specific viruses. Measles is caused by the measles virus, Hepatitis is caused by various hepatitis viruses (e.g., Hepatitis A, B, C), and Rubella is caused by the rubella virus.

Leprosy: Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, is not caused by a virus. It is a chronic bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes. Unlike viral diseases, leprosy is bacterial in nature.

Solution :

The correct answer is (B) Primary Consumers.

Zooplanktons: Zooplankton are small aquatic organisms that float or drift in water bodies. They primarily include tiny animals and protists that are unable to swim against currents. Zooplankton are considered primary consumers in aquatic food chains because they feed on phytoplankton, which are the primary producers. Zooplankton play a crucial role in transferring energy from lower trophic levels to higher trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems.

Producers: Producers, such as plants and algae, are organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis.

Secondary Consumers: Secondary consumers are organisms that feed on primary consumers. In aquatic ecosystems, some larger animals like fish may be considered secondary consumers.

Decomposers: Decomposers are organisms that break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem.

Solution :

The correct answer is (C) Azotobacter.

Azotobacter: Azotobacter is a non-symbiotic, free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium. It is aerobic, meaning it performs nitrogen fixation in the presence of oxygen. Azotobacter plays an essential role in fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can utilize. This bacterium is commonly found in soil and contributes to the nitrogen cycle by converting nitrogen gas (N₂) from the atmosphere into ammonia (NH₃).

Clostridium: Clostridium includes various bacteria, some of which are nitrogen-fixing. However, many Clostridium species are anaerobic, meaning they perform nitrogen fixation in the absence of oxygen.

Frankia: Frankia is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that forms symbiotic relationships with certain plants, particularly actinorhizal plants.

Rhizobium: Rhizobium is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that forms symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants, enabling the plants to fix nitrogen in specialized root nodules.

Solution :

The correct answer is (D) Mercury.

Minamata Disease: Minamata disease is a neurological disorder caused by the ingestion of mercury-contaminated seafood. It originated in the Minamata Bay area of Japan. The disease resulted from the discharge of methylmercury-containing industrial wastewater into the bay, leading to the contamination of fish and shellfish. Consumption of these contaminated marine organisms resulted in severe health problems, including neurological symptoms.

Arsenic, Nickel, and Lead: These substances are also toxic, but they were not responsible for causing Minamata disease in Japan.

Solution :

The correct answer is (B) 12.

Permanent Teeth: Humans typically have two sets of teeth during their lifetime: primary teeth (also known as baby teeth) and permanent teeth. Permanent teeth include 32 teeth in total, with four types: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Among these, the wisdom teeth (third molars) are known for growing only once in the life of a human being. Wisdom teeth usually appear in late adolescence or early adulthood, and not everyone develops all four of them.

Primary Teeth: Primary teeth, or baby teeth, are the first set of teeth that children develop. They are eventually replaced by permanent teeth as a person grows.

Solution :

The correct answer is (C) Gizzard.

Alimentary Canal: The alimentary canal, also known as the digestive tract or gastrointestinal tract, is a long tube that extends from the mouth to the anus and is responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Jejunum: The jejunum is a part of the small intestine where most of the nutrient absorption takes place.

Ilium: The ileum is another part of the small intestine that follows the jejunum and is also involved in nutrient absorption.

Gizzard: The gizzard is not a part of the alimentary canal. It is a muscular organ found in birds and some other animals that aids in the mechanical breakdown of food by grinding it with the help of small stones or grit that the animal swallows. While it plays a role in digestion, it is not part of the continuous tube that is the alimentary canal.

Crop: The crop is an enlargement of the esophagus found in birds and some insects. It temporarily stores food before it enters the stomach or gizzard.

Solution :

The correct answer is (D) Vasopressin.

Vasopressin: Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), plays a key role in regulating water balance in the body. It is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. Vasopressin acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing the volume of urine produced. Deficiency of vasopressin can lead to a condition known as diabetes insipidus, characterized by excessive urination and thirst (diuresis). This is because without sufficient vasopressin, the kidneys do not reabsorb enough water, resulting in the excretion of large volumes of diluted urine.

Oxytocin, Relaxin, and Renin: These hormones are involved in various physiological processes, but they do not directly regulate water balance in the same way that vasopressin does.

Solution :

The correct answer is (D) Dysmenorrhea.

Dysmenorrhea: Dysmenorrhea is the medical term used to describe severe, frequent cramping or pain that occurs during menstruation. It is a common condition experienced by many individuals who menstruate. The pain is typically located in the lower abdomen or pelvis and can range from mild to severe. Dysmenorrhea can be primary, which means it occurs without any underlying medical condition, or secondary, which is associated with conditions such as endometriosis or fibroids.

Amenorrhea: Amenorrhea refers to the absence or cessation of menstrual periods.

Menorrhagia: Menorrhagia refers to abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.

Oligomenorrhea: Oligomenorrhea is the medical term for infrequent or irregular menstrual periods.

Solution :

The correct answer is (A) Lanugo.

Lanugo: Lanugo is the fine, soft hair that covers the body of a developing human fetus. It is usually more prominent during the early stages of gestation and is most commonly observed in premature babies. Lanugo serves a protective function by helping to keep the fetus warm and preventing the vernix (a waxy substance) from sticking to the skin. It is eventually shed as the fetus grows and matures.

Fur: Fur is a term generally used to refer to the hair of animals.

Scutes: Scutes are thick bony or horny plates that cover the shells of turtles and certain other reptiles.

Vernix: Vernix, specifically vernix caseosa, is a waxy, cheese-like substance that covers the skin of newborns. It acts as a protective barrier during development in the womb and helps to protect the baby’s skin from the amniotic fluid.

Solution :

The correct answer is (B) Contracts.

Diaphragm: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs and separating the thoracic (chest) cavity from the abdominal cavity. During the process of inhalation or inspiration, the diaphragm contracts. This contraction causes the diaphragm to flatten and move downward. As the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, and the lungs expand. This expansion leads to a decrease in pressure within the lungs, causing air to be drawn into the respiratory tract and ultimately into the lungs. The contraction of the diaphragm plays a vital role in the inhalation of air.

Expands, Relaxes, and Shows no change: These options do not accurately describe the action of the diaphragm during inspiration.

Solution :

The correct answer is (D) Commensalism.

Commensalism: Commensalism is a type of ecological relationship in which one species benefits, and the other species is neither significantly harmed nor benefited. In commensalism, “eating on the same table” refers to a situation where one species benefits by consuming food scraps or leftovers from the activities of another species. While one species benefits (the commensal), the other species is not significantly affected. An example is birds or animals that feed on the leftover food of other animals, without harming or benefiting them in return.

Amensalism, Mutualism, and Parasitism: These are other types of ecological relationships, but they do not exactly match the scenario described in the statement.